THE SO-CALLED FREEDOM FIGHTERS OF GOA - WHO ARE THEY ? By A. Pereira, Porvorim

Under the current occupational Government, the Freedom-Fighters are revered by the Republic of India’s–puppet–Government of Gôa. The Freedom-fighters are those of the many Goans who went Bombay and developed a freedom movement there. During that time, the Indian Union/Republic was fighting its own freedom battle with Britain. Allies were to be found with similar causes. A number of Goans were brave enough to oppose the Portuguese in Gôa. They found themselves promptly incarcerated.Not all those who were incarcerated in Goan or Portuguese jails were Freedom-Fighters. Many were in these jails for criminal acts such as robbery, crimes Etc, but some of these (like the Mariel refugees from Cuba) slipped into the ranks of the Freedom-Fighters.

After the phony liberation of Gôa, most convicts in jails took the benefits by calling themselves Freedom-Fighters and fooled Goan media and people. Many of the criminals got success and exited from jails and joined ‘Violent’ liberation movements as leaders. They looted, raped and killed innocent people of Gôa.

In 1961, Gôa got its fake Independence from the Portuguese by the Indian Government’s military insurgence. But, till date, it’s sad to know that the Indian Government still recognizes these ‘Terrorists’ as ‘Freedom-Fighters’ but, who in reality are actually convicts. Today, most of the Freedom-Fighters have reached their prime age, but it shall be noted that these same convicts under the current occupational government (Indian Union’s/Republic’s Govt.) were granted topmost job’s, plot’s, house’s, publicity &  pension’s.

The Portuguese Government in Gôa did have a record of these criminals committing mutinous crimes with Goan Citizens in the name of Liberation. If the truth has to come out, then the Gôa fake Liberation history requires amendments, and half of these criminals and Terrorist’s a.k.a Freedom-Fighters shall be obliterated from History.

If at all there are or were any ‘Freedom-Fighters’, it is just an eye-wash. For, the Indian Army conquered Gôa with no help from them. In jest, some are called ‘sustenance’ fighters. In the Portuguese régime and even the many Goan’s who lived during those days considered these so-called Freedom-Fighters, who consisted mainly Non-Goan’s and many Indian’s, were known as ‘Terrorists’. And, Freedom-Fighters being non-locals, many had no interest to spill their blood for this land; they were in quest of material gains.

THE SECOND CONQUEST AND SUBJUGATION OF GOA by Paulo Dias

19/12/1961 - The second conquest and subjugation of Goa

Portuguese citizens (including Goans) throughout the world suffered under the dictatorship regime of Salazar. Nobody can deny that. The Portuguese people in Portugal suffered a lot more than many in the overseas provinces. How many Portuguese lost their sons and husbands in colonial war in ex-Portuguese Africa?

Salazar had an idea of an extended map of Portugal. That is why he converted all colonies into overseas provinces and made sure that everyone by 1952 had exactly the same rights and full Portuguese citizenship regardless of residency. In Goa we had a 95% self autonomy with all the high government posts headed by Goans (Catholics and Hindus alike), except the post of Governor. However, that was done a bit too late. The damage was done centuries earlier and people did not forget. In Africa (especially Mozambique and Angola), the Portuguese army had great loss of lives trying to keep up to Salazar's dream. By the end of 1960s, the dictatorship regime (then headed by Marcelo Caetano) had so many opponents, including in the army high command itself, that it was clearly reaching the end. Portugal finally achieved democracy through a democratic revolution of 25 April 1974. Salazar was dead by then and Marcelo Caetano was forced into exile in Brazil.

The map of the Republic of India was invented by the British. It was the British who brought India together under one single political entity. Before the British, India was a sub-continent composed by princely states and ruled by different rulers. It was never ever one single political entity as we know the Republic of India today.

The map of Goa was invented by the Portuguese much before the British invented their version of the map of British India. It was the Portuguese that brought Goa together under a same territorial map following the old conquests and the new conquests.

Given the above facts, and after explaining that Goa and the Republic of India had different origins and that the map of territorial Goa 1961 precedes the map of territorial Republic of India 1947, what right did the Republic of India have to conquer the territory of Goa in the XX century, after both Republic of India and Goa/Portugal accepted that they were neighbouring countries and maintained diplomatic representations from 1947 up to 1954? And both countries were members of the United Nations Organization. It is quite obvious that the Republic of India could not have any valid claim over the territory of Goa for the simple reason that Goa existed much before the Republic of India. So, to what extent were the actions of 19 December 1961 legitimate?

The Republic of India first called the operation Dec 1961 a Police Action! Does that sound lawful to anyone? Then they renamed it to an Act of Conquest and subjugation through a determination from the Supreme Court of India. Does that sound right to any proud Goan?

So are we liberated or are we conquered? Can't be both for sure as those words are not synonymous.

This is what the freedom fighters should have questioned then! How come the Supreme Court of India determined that Goa has been conquered and subjugated in 1961 from the Portuguese???

Where is the liberation then?

Liberation is when people are liberated and allowed to choose their future democratically. Kuwait was liberated from Iraq. I cannot think of a better example of liberation.

Clearly Goans were not allowed to choose their future immediately after 1961.  This is what Nehru said: "We are 700 million and the Goans are 700 thousand.".  This was democracy for Nehru. It is consistent with his "Police Action" over Goa (operation Vijay – 1961)

As a proud Goan, I see it more likely like a robbery. A neighbour country (that accepted the legitimacy of Goa under Portuguese rule by maintaining diplomatic representation in Portuguese Goa from 1947 to 1954 with a Consulate General of India in Panjim) robbing another sovereign country.

The real freedom fighters wanted an independent Goa. This means independence from Portugal and independence from the Republic of India. That is what independence meant for them. Many had a very clear plan of action and Goa had very intelligent Goan people already running the state at that time. What did the Republic of India do? Dismissed most of them and brought their own people from Delhi. Those who remained were forced to change allegiance but sooner or later were replaced and subjugated.

The Republic of India tried to brainwash most of us Goans by saying that Goa was always part of India and all the rest that you already know.

The truth is: Goa was part of the Indian subcontinent. Not part of the political entity called the Republic of India. The Portuguese did not conquer Goa from the Republic of India. So the Republic of India (founded in 1947 as a single entity which they inherited from the British) cannot claim that Goa was always a part of the Republic of India! It does not make sense.

At the most, they could have helped us Goans by liberating us from the Portuguese and allow us to choose democratically our future.  The proper thing to do would have been to held a democratic plebiscite to decide the future of Goa immediately after 1961.

It could be that majority of Goans wanted the merge with the Republic of India but the plebiscite would have been the fairest way to demonstrate that. But I think Nehru was fearing that the plebiscite could demonstrate a different result and he would lose face to the world.

As you know, the plebiscite did not happen. I am not defending Portugal. My point is that the case of Goa was not handled in accordance with International Law for which both Portugal and Republic of India are to be blamed. The Goan people did not have a say in the actions of 19 December 1961. No questions were asked. No options were given.

Yes, we did have an opinion poll in 1967 (they would not allow it to be called  a referendum or a plebiscite!) but there was no option for a independent Goa even then, 6 years after! Where is the respect for the Goan people? Didn't we deserve to be given an option that so many people had asked for, including a  full association of well organised Goans who had been demanding independence  since the foundation of their association and conference in Paris 1963.

Could the freedom fighters in Goa not bring up this issue? Why was independence not on offer when so many people were asking for it?

And people continue to call it liberation even after knowing that the Supreme Court of India has labelled it as an Act of Conquest and subjugation which completed on the 20 of December 1961.

Do the freedom fighters agree with that determination from the Supreme Court of the Republic of India that say that we were all conquered and subjugated? If not, why did they not protest?

As a very proud Goan I feel sad that we Goans fail to understand these facts and who the real freedom fighters really were in 1961!

INDIAN INVASION IN NEPAL IS NOT LIMITED IN OUR LAND BUT IN ALL SPHERES OF OUR LIFE By Madan Regmi

Political Analyst & International Observer Madan Regmi Agrees that Goa was Invaded.

TGQ1: How do you feel Nepal’s current position and its problems? Is the country safe?

Regmi: In the present situation and environment, I don’t feel being in my nation. I strongly feel our motherland Nepal has been already sold and overrun by invaders. Don’t ask me who are the traitors that have brought the county to this shape? I will come to it myself. There is no single government to be blamed for it. Ranas rule of 104 years kept the people in total darkness and impoverished. And they sold the sons of Nepal for their master imperialist Britain’s security purposes and to maintain their colony. The last Rana Prime Minister Mohan Sumsher, a close friend of J. Lal Nehru, agreed to sale them also to the so-called India, which was waiting to be created barely after a week. I call it V2 and V1; it means two Vampires and one Victim.

Don’t you think it’s an irony of human history that the vampires and the victims, we all three, are the members of the United Nations whose charter and conventions places all member nations on equal footing and advocates respect to each others’ sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity?

I don’t know what this so-called world body is meant to a peace loving country like us when it comes vis-à-vis with imperial powers and its surrogates, whose every evil deeds is endorsed by the UN body this or that way.

I was talking about Ranas, sorry I am out of the way. Ranas were pretty bad rulers. But they did not sale an inch of our territory, our natural resources not even a single citizenship certificate. Just think of the Nepalese citizenship in this post Rana period, which is widely believed that nearly 10 Million plus people of the Indian domain have obtained our citizenship certificates. Those criminals of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh so far arrested by our police were in possession of Nepali citizenship certificate. Delhi is aware about it but since it is part of its demographic designs it has observed a stoic silence. Besides we should not forget that India is the pioneer of terrorism in South Asia. It was Delhi which harbored terrorist outfit like LTTE and others of such kind; and even to this day its terrorist outfits and the underworld which it owns are operating inside Nepal with impunity and Delhi seeking political status for its terrorist outfits in Nepal.

So if you give me a choice between Rana regime and contemporary regimes, it will be very difficult for me to choose between these two. Because of the time factor, I can’t go back to Rana days but to live in this situation as a dignified and free Nepali is not possible. The position of a servile nation is not acceptable. We have to protect our sovereignty at any cost so we will fight to the last drop of blood. We will help our friends and hate our enemies. I am not yet fatigued and desperate. I know once we stand and strike back, the enemies will fall.

Let us see how the Constituent Assembly will proceed. In some issues of Indian interference and pressure it has strongly repelled and exposed Delhi’s sinister attempts and designs. There is also some step forward in the direction of campaign of national liberation. I hope this CA will be able to complete the constitution writing. In case it fails to complete it, May 28, 2011, its terms should be extended for a short period. We are aware of Delhi’s design to see that it is dissolved and they are trying to influence the President to take the reign.

I don’t think that our country is safe. But we have good friends all over the world and they understand our problems. There are also some friendly countries that are committed to help and support us in our effort to safeguard our sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. Almost all the Nepalese people firmly believe that China is Nepal’s most trusted friend and that Chinese people are highly cultured and courteous.

Almost all the countries of South Asia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka are friendly to us. Bhutan is in the strangle hold of Delhi and have perpetrated a great injustice on its people of Nepalese origin. Otherwise we would have been in a position to take Bhutan as a friendly country. Sikkim is under Indian occupation and majority people of this occupied nation are Nepalese, so we have a strong feeling for the Sikkimise people and their independence. We have good friends in Europe, Latin America and Africa. But, the Delhi Raj has so far succeeded in colonizing us. However in recent days it seems Delhi’s design to smash and grab Nepal is being weakened.

TGQ2: India’s Nepal current foreign policy is said to be the continuity of British Raj. Is it that what is being talked? What do you have to say?

Regmi: I agree to it. Our main problem is India which was made by Britain in 1947 and is in real sense and practice is the continuity of imperialism itself. Most of the problems we are confronting originate from this artificial nation named India by its creator Britain. But to camouflage its imperial structure it was given another additional name of Bharat. Don’t you think that it is a big surprise that a nation can have two official names? One given by British and the next one derived from the legendary King Bharat who was the ancestors of the legendary Pandavas and Kauravas. Their nation of Hastinapur was not bigger than that of Kathmandu but the legend reportedly boasted that King Bharat ruled the universe. On this ground this British born India’s first Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru, a favorite of then British viceroy to India Lord Mount Batten and also his wife Pamela went on unabated to expand the territories of his British bestowed Kingdom. Thus Nepal was forced to accept this India as its neighbor.

Before 1947, we were bordering British territories and before that Moghul empire and even before that many other nations. The biggest one of our neighbor in ancient time that is before 23 hundred years back  was Magadh Empire which was ruled by famous Maurya emperors like Chandra Gupta and Ashoka. It will be worthwhile to mention here that Nepal’s existence as a nation and trade partner of Magadh empire has been recorded by Bishnu Gupta Chanakya (the mentor of Chandra Gupta Maurya), in his writings on economics, and administration plus the “art to rule”. In his book Chanakya has written that Magadh imports woolen and metal products from its neighbor Nepal.( Read Chankya by Satyaketu Bidyalankar 14^th edition, 2008).

I am recalling this part of our glorious history because most of the people of the present day world don’t know about us and the way we are being projected as something insignificant and tiny. However, what we have been made today is by the then British imperialists and its created India which I have already outlined as the continuity of imperialism from British Raj to Indian Raj, from all accounts is an artificial nation coercivelycreated by bulldozing the sovereignty of several nations and dumping these within that artificial entity.

This India in the garb of democracy which in the words of a Bengali writer Arundhati Roy is a “fake democracy” with the support of protectors was strengthening its imperialism by further expanding its territory in Nepal and elsewhere. Kashmir, Hyderabad, Goa, Andaman Nicobar, Pondicherry islands were annexed during Nehru’s reign and Sikkim was the victim of his daughter Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, who was no less imperialistic than her father. 

Actually the British never decolonized the South Asian region if it has been so, mighty nations of Marathas, Sikhs, Muslims, Bengalis, Tamils, Telegus, Nagas Udiyas,  Keraliates etc would  have restored their independence. But the new rulers of India who were favorite to London inherited each and every structure and colonies of imperial British governance including the recruitment of Nepalese people in their Army, which Nehru himself abhorred. By inheriting the entire British imperialist legacy and making itself the British heir, Delhi Raj wouldn’t have embarked on a friendly foreign policy towards any of its neighbors.

TGQ3: What makes you so sure and strongly feel that India is an expansionist and imperialist power? How will you prove it?

Regimi: Before answering your question, I would like to recall here some versions of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of Republic of India on Nepal.

Nehru writes in his book “Glimpses of World History-Page 411, “A little before the last Maratha war, the British had a war with Nepal from 1814-1860. They had great difficulties in the mountains but they won in the end, and the district of Dehradun, where I sit in prison writing this letter, and Kumaun and Nainital came under British rule”.

In the same paragraph Nehru further writes, “And the brave and warlike people of Nepal-the Gurkhas- are enrolled in the British Army in India and are used to keep down Indians”.

However, after assuming the premiership British bestowed Kingdom Nehru betrayed his own conscience and commitment and continued the occupation of our vast territories which the British had annexed in 1816 by compelling Nepal to sign the humiliating treaty of Sugauli-and, also recruitment of Nepalese in his imperial Army. Nehru had written in his book that the British enrolled the people of Nepal “to keep down Indians”. But, why does this so-called India still needs the recruitment of Nepalese in their Army? Is it not to suppress liberation movement of those nations whom the British dumped within ‘India’?

This trajectory of suppression has been amply displayed by Indian Raj in different occupied territories in these 63 years of its birth. The recent one was observed in occupied Darjeeling where the peoples’ movement for the right of self determination was brutally suppressed. Dozens were killed and many a thousands were arrested.

In recent years, that is from 1962 onwards India has encroached Nepalese territories in 52 places and still continues to advance deed inside Nepali landmass. The Indian invasion is not limited in our land but it is in all spheres of Nepalese life. It has imposed open border on us and the so-called Indians come and stay in Nepal without Visa which is against Nepal’s existing rules and laws.

Indian invasion is not only limited to our territory its invasion are in all spheres, including demographic, economic, social and political etc. India has already grabbed almost all major rivers of Nepal. It enjoys near monopoly in Nepalese market with special tariff privileges. If we look at ourselves with clean and clear eyes, redeeming ourselves from the mercenary culture which is being thrust upon us since hundreds of years, we will find ourselves nowhere in our own country, and in these span of years we have been mostly ruled by the Indian puppets- partial and full.

TGQ4: Nepal is becoming small and small. But yet it is a middle sized nation. How big was Nepal in the past?

Regimi: To know our real geographical position we have to go back to our history during reign of Malla dynasty or even before that. To give all the historical accounts will not be possible here. So I will begin from the medieval period.

In this period King Mahendra Malla (1560) - a powerful ruler of Nepal had built a Shiva Temple by the side of River Ganges. This temple he named after himself, ‘Mahendra Nath Temple’ and lies in Mahadar Village barely five kilometers from Chiswan Ghat adjoining the Ganges river. This place is now in the so-called district of Siwan, Bihar. Some historical accounts reveal that during Malla Reign Nepal’s border was up to Gaya where Gautam Buddha got his enlightenment. In Siwan big Nepalese settlement could still be found.

After the collapse of the Malla dynasty Nepal’s territory appears to have squeezed, but again Bahadur Shah- the youngest son of King Prithivi Naryan Shah resumed Nepal’s sovereignty up to the Ganges. Nepal’s border in the South-West was up to Gomati River, which was the border of Awadh Empire adjoining Lucknow- the capital of so-called Uttar Pradesh.

In the East, Nepali territory was up to up to Nagarkot (Nagarkatta) which is 70 kilometers eastward of Tista River. Darjeeling, Kalingpong, Khurseong and the entire region west of Nagarkot including Tista river was a part of Nepal. These lands are still entirely inhabited by Nepali people. To recall, after the British occupation of India ended in 1947 for some time Darjeeling and the areas around remained independent until imperial India once again occupied those territories.

To the West, Nepali territory extended up to this side of the Sutlej River that included Shimla with dense Nepali population.

In the south, the vast plain north of River Ganges that flows from West to East was also part of our territory. Some dispersed settlement of people of Nepali origin could still be found in those areas such as Supaul district of Bihar and other places.

To recall, Prithivi Naryan Shah -the re-unifier of Nepal, heralded Nepal’s glorious era of anti-imperialist campaign and created the culture of warrior-fighters that will take on the invaders and sacrifice lives to protect the nation. During Prithivi Narayan Shah led Nepal defeated the advancing British Army led by Captain Kinloch and immediately after him Nepal fought two major wars.  Nepal’s war with Britain was costly for the former. To end the Nepal-British War (1814-16) Nepal had to sign a humiliating Treaty in Sugauli and was compelled to cede half of Nepalese territories to Britain. These annexed territories should have automatically come back to the motherland, Nepal, instantly after withdrawal of the British from the South Asian colonies. However, the newly born India continued the occupation. As a result, besides those territories which Nehru himself acknowledged of being part of Nepal, the Indian Raj continues to expand itself in Nepal even to this day.

TGQ5: Bihar’s economic growth has become a matter of talk in Kathmandu’s academic circuit. Is it really what is being discussed or just the otherwise? Your comments please.

Regmi: I too hear this noise and news in the India financed media and so called intellectuals. To these claim of Bihari economic boom I have some serious reservations because of some of the accounts of Bihar and India as a whole in the Indian and Medias of other parts of the world. Before coming to Bihar, it was a part in ancient time the glorious Magadh Empire. I would like to quote here the readings of reputed international agencies like by J. P. Morgan. Published by Time of India, June 21, 2008, with a headline “India-World’s largest remittance recipient”. It writes “for Indians the umbilical cord is never severed. India has now captured one tenth of global remittance flows, making it’s the world’s largest single recipient and estimated $ 27.1 Billion was remitted in 2006-7. The Indian Diaspora is estimated at 20 million. Migrant remittance has surged to the forefront of the development agenda worldwide”.

The top ten destination for the Indians includes, the UAE, Saudi Arabia , the US, Bangladesh, Nepal, UK, Sri Lanka, Kuwait and Oman. This reporting is based on the J. P. Morgan’s story which shows that Nepal is in the fifth position in the world to provide bread and butter to the Indian migrant workers.  With the remittance earnings of the Indians which have now reached to $ 55 billion in 2009, the inflow of the Indian workers in Nepal has remarkably increased in Nepal. Economic experts are of the view that Nepal today is one of the major sources of Indian remittance money.

On the development of Bihar, Jason Overdorf writes in his article with the headline “From worst to near first” that still Bihar continues to rank dismally on every major social indicator and there are few signs that the poorest of the poor have benefited much from the new economic growth. Both the infant mortality rate and maternal mortality rates are higher than the national average and seventy percent of the State’s inhabited areas are not linked by motor able roads” (Newsweek, February 22, 2010 Page 30-34).

Swaminathan Aiyar writes “Can we really believe Bihar's data? The Central Statistical Organization guides the states collecting and processing data, but does not check whether the job is done correctly. Cynics think Bihar's notoriously manipulative politicians must have fudged the data for false publicity.  The data show enormous swings in agriculture from year to year. Because of this, Bihar's growth averaged 11% over the last five years, but only 8.3% over the last six years…Back in the 1970s, I found that Kashmir was for some time the fastest growing state in India, and went to Srinagar to ask what accounted for fast growth. To my surprise, state officials and politicians were dismayed at my questions. They were used to moaning and groaning about their poverty and the need for more central hand-outs, so they looked on me almost as an enemy”.

Swaminathan further writes on Bihar, “However, large-scale industry remains on the sidelines. Organized sector output actually fell in the Laloo era from Rs 1,150 crore in 1999-00 to Rs 790 crore in 2004-05 at constant prices, and has stagnated under Nitish Kumar. Many large industries have proposed big investments, but these will be pursued only if Nitish is re-elected”.

In another scenario, the Biharis and Uttar Pradesis of their cities and villages came in huge numbers in Nepalese bordering towns and villages for manual labors. The reason for it is that the labor wage in Bihar and UP is average below 70 Rupees Nepalese per day and in Nepal it is in between 300 to 400 Nepalese rupees, this huge gap in earning attracts the Indian labors towards Nepal and they work as construction of house and roads workers, sweepers, dishwashers to barbers. Many Nepalese these days prefer to employ Bihari men and women for household jobs because of their cheap wage demand. I have been astounded of so-called men in higher offices talking to Bihar’s development and some of these so-called learned men are from Nepal’s Tarai. I would like to tell them that Biharis  and Uttar Pradesis are doing slightly better in terms of production of wheat, rice and vegetables at our cost. Their lands are using Nepalese water which is regulated from the embankments- which India has built in most of the part of Nepal-India border. These embankments have submerged vast areas of cultivable Nepalese lands and dislocated the inhabitants to the extent that one of the India made Khurdalotan Dam have threatened Lumbini- the birth place of Lord Buddha and other areas of Kapilvastu and Rupandehi districts which has scores of world heritage sites.

I sometime endorse the charge that Nepal has largest number of fifth columnists. If it is not so why so many of us could have been swayed by the Indian propaganda. In reality, so-called India is the poorest than the sub-Sahara region of Africa-as largest portion of world’s poor of over 2 Billion inhabit India. In recent survey of international agencies it has once again revealed that out of 1 Billion plus population of Delhi Raj, 800 (Eight Hundred) Million people are living below the poverty line. It has five dozen billionaires and few thousand millionaires. 30% of wealth of this so-called nation belongs to 100 Big houses. 95 % of the land is occupied by 5% of the people as feudal (Jamindari) system still persists in that country.

RAINHA DE DADRÁ E NAGAR-AVELI By Lucio Mascarenhas

The Indian Union is one of the greatest practitioner of moral hypocrisy in the world. It insists that states cannot be dismembered, on democracy and the right to self-determination, and in non-interference in other people's affairs. And yet, it has transgressed against these very same principles in the case of Portugal and its Ultramarine province of the "Estado da India Portuguesa" (E.I.P) or Goa. Goa or the "Estado da India Portuguesa" (E.I.P) has some four or five enclaves in the north, including the landlocked enclaves of Dadra and of Nagar-Avelim, part of the District of Damao, being located on the Sandalcalo River, upstream from Damao (India calls this the "Damanganga River"). The town of Silvassa is the headquarters; another major town is Dadra. The people of the Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli enclaves are Concannim tribals who had been among the peoples displaced when the Sorathians invaded from accross the Gulf of Cambay and settled in the Far North of the Concan, setting up the city of Surat. The tribal people are largely illiterate and socially not mobilized. Following the Luso-Maratha War, the enclaves of Dadra & Nagar-Avelim was confirmed by the Marathas in December 1779, as part of Portuguese India as a result of a treaty of settlement and friendship between the Maratha Kingdom and Portugal.

Since its independence, India had been eyeing the enclaves not under its control and had demanded that France and Portugal surrender them to it without permitting the citizens of these enclaves the right to decide the future of their lands. In order to achieve this, India even organized and armed and reinforced bands of terrorists who attacked and occupied the French enclave of Chandernagore in Bengal, in 1954. As a result, France began negotiations with the Indian Union and finally agreed to a plebiscite as a result of which it transferred the remaining French enclaves (Yanam, Pondicherry, Karaikal and Dependencies, Mahe de Labourdonnais) to the Indian Union. This was similar to, and a continuation of the Indian Union's policy by which it invaded and overthrew the legitimate governments of sundry princely states and occupied them.Seeing the resolute refusal of Portugal to entertain India's criminal intentions, India began to sponsor terrorist movements in order to overthrow and seize the Portuguese enclaves and to terrorize the local populations of these enclaves, just as it had terrorized the principalities of former British India to unthinkingly submerge themselves into itself. As a result, movements sprang up with mixed membership of Indian citizens and of EIP renegades. India provided them with arms and training. The principal organisations thus set up were India's ruling party, the Indian National Congress Party's subsidiary organisation, the "Sewa Dal" or "Army of Service," which had been ostensibly founded by Mohandas "Mahatma" Gandhi in order to render social service and to mobilize people towards this end; the "Azad Gomantak Dal" or "Free Goan Army" which became the most savage and brutal of the terrorist organisations; the "United Front of Goa", etc.

But the Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli of today is the product of Vanmalidas G. Bhavsar, Carlos de Cruz, Luler Gama, Appa Carmalcar, and others who lead the Terrorist AGD (Free Goan Army or Azad Gomantak Dal) organisation against the "Estado da India Portuguesa" (E.I.P). The program to seize the Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli for and on behalf of the Indian Union, sponsors of the AGD, was hatched at the Lavacha Ashram, in May-June 1954. However, they were to be pre-empted by a rival organisation. On 7th July 1954, the United Front of Goa, under the Goan terrorist and renegade Francisco Mascarenhas, and reinforced by regular Indian troops, invaded and occupied the enclave of Dadra. Thereafter, the AGD terrorists, reinforced by regular Indian troops, attacked the outnumbered "Estado da India Portuguesa" (E.I.P) forces and seized the Customs checkpost at Narolim on 1st August 1954, and marched forward planning to beseige the town of Silvassa, the headquarters of the Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli .

The heavily outnumbered "Estado da India Portuguesa" (E.I.P) forces under Fidalgo fought valiantly with all the arms at their disposal, throwing up a fierce artillery barrage against the terrorists and the invaders at the battle of Racholim, to which place he had retreated and encamped. The terrorists were routed and forced to fall back.This was only a brief respite. Under the relentless and shameless greed of the Indian invaders, the terrorists Nagarwala, Nanasaheb, Vishnu Bhople, Vasant Jajale and others in co-ordination with Indian terrorists pouring in from Pune and Goan renegades and terrorists sponsored by the Indian Union, launched, on 2nd August 1954, a new offensive to take Silvassa. Finally, after many days of fierce fighting, with the heavily outnumbered EIP Goan and Portuguese troops taking a heavy toll of both the terrorists and the regular Indian troops, the last remnant of the "Estado da India Portuguesa" (E.I.P) forces surrendered on 13th August 1954 at Silvassa to the terrorists and the invaders. Subsequently, the invading Indian government organized the terrorists under Lalbhai Naique of the Indian National Congress Party's "Sevadal Sainiks", as the "Administrator" of the occupied Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli and organized the terrorists as a "governing council" under the name of Varisht Panchayat or "Council of Elders."

None of the members of this puppet Government where elected, or local citizens of the Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli. It was this foreign body, composed of Goan and Indian terrorists and Indian citizens, which "appealed" to the Indian government to have the Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli, which is an integral part of the "Estado da India Portuguesa" (E.I.P), annexed and absorbed to the Indian Union. Basing upon this appeal by a body that was its own creature, the Indian Union thereupon announced the annexation of Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli with effect from 8th August 1961. 

THE INDIAN INVASION OF DADRÁ E NAGAR-AVELI By Agnelo Gracias, Dabul, Bombay

Dadra and Nagar-Aveli are two adjacent enclaves of Portuguese India located in the interior from Damaõ. Administratively, they belong to the District or Conselho of Damaõ, under the Governor of Damaõ. Dadra's headquarter is the village of Dadra; the town of Silvasa is the headquarters of Nagar-Aveli.

Of the small police force manning Dadra, three policemen, Sub-Chefe Aniceto do Rosario, Sub-Chefe Antonio Fernandes, and a third policemen chose to obey the dictates of their conscience and to stand by their flag — that of Portugal — rather than heed the alluring and insidious seduction of traitors to join them in their treason. Aniceto and Antonio paid for their loyalty with their very lives, two stalwart patriots and heroes martyred by the Indian terrorists.

The Crime
On the 21st of July 1954 at 9.30 p.m. the Dadra Police Station was violently attacked and two police personnel of the Portuguese Indian Police Force, Sub-Chefe Aniceto do Rosario and Sub-Chefe Antonio Fernandes were murdered and a third injured. Next morning, the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru stated that he was surprised to read of the incident in the newspapers.

Ten months later, the Bombay weekly Current carried an article by the editor D.F. Karaka, raising a number of embarrassing questions on the armed assaults on Dadra and Nagar Aveli and asked where the volunteers, admittedly invading Dadra & Nagar-Aveli from Indian territory, had procured their arms from in a country (India) where there had been the strictest control on the possession of fire-arms.

Many years later, I came to know from a Goan 'Nationalist' (i.e. Indianist or pro-Indian partisan) that the telegram to proceed with the assault on Dadra had come from Nehru himself. If one is to read the graphic descriptions of the preparations for, and the assault itself, one can conclude conclusively that the planning for the same had taken place over several months.

When eye-witnesses were interviewed many years later, they recalled the firing on and the return fire from the defenders of Dadra within the besieged Police Station to have lasted some 20 minutes and that the next morning the Indian flag was seen flying over the Police Station, with Indian policemen already manning the building.

The Background

Since Indian independence, the Governors of Damaõ, as well as the other officials of the District, including the Europeans, had always been allowed, by custom and tradition, to cross the Indian territory between Damaõ on the coast and the interior enclaves of Dadra and Nagar-Aveli, and to go and return from Vapi, without any formalities of visas or presenting themselves to the Indian authorities.

But there had been diplomatic notes from India to Portugal demanding the unconditional transfer (cession) of the six Portuguese enclaves (Goa, Damaõ, Dio, Dadra, Nagar-Aveli & the Isle of Anjediva) to the Indian Union and after these notes had been rebuffed by the Government of Portugal, the Indian Union decided to close down its legation in Lisboa with effect from the 11sth June 1953.

This, indeed, was the take-off signal for the Indian Union authorities to make false allegations on the treatment of Indians within Portuguese territories in order to justify its action against the Portuguese civil and police personnel transiting between Damaõ and the two enclaves (Dadra & Nagar-Aveli) dependent on it.

Preparations Start
Against the background of some alleged harassment of two Indians, B.S Sood and Bhatnagar, (identified by the Goan community as two of the many Indian spies and provocateurs) of the many thousands of Indians who had visited Goa for the Exposition of the Relics of St. Francis Xavier in December 1952, the Indian Union chose to withdraw the facilities of visa-less travel between Damaõ and its dependent enclaves from 26th October 1953 — 10 months later.

The Indian Ministry of External Affairs had stated in its note No D.6886 of 23 December 1953 that the District Magistrate of Surat was being authorized to grant transit visas to Portuguese European officials going from Damaõ to Dadra and to Nagar-Aveli, but in actual fact the District Magistrate claimed that his duty was only to notify the Passport Office in Bombay of the movements of Portuguese European officials and the issue of visas was still the responsibility of the Indian Consul-General in Nova Goa (Pangim).

From 3 February 1954 the Government of India prohibited the transshipment of arms and ammunition from Damaõ to Dadra & to Nagar-Aveli except for those arms carried personally the by the Governor-General of Goa and diplomatic personnel accredited to India.

The Build-Up

On 12 March 1954, Dr. Vasco Vieira Garin, Minister of Portugal in New Delhi drew the attention of the Ministry of External Affairs, New Delhi, that the population of Damaõ had been forbidden by India to purchase foodstuffs from Indian markets near the border and that Indian police posts in a radius of 20 to 30 kilometers from the border had been reinforced with 300 plain-clothes armed men.

On 9 April 1954, Dr. Pedro Teotonio Pereira, Ambassador of Portugal in Washington D.C., issued a confidential diplomatic note that following the withdrawal of the Indian Legation in Lisboa on 11 June 1953, there bad been an intensification in anti-Portuguese propaganda in India, that even postal services to Portuguese India had been subject to delay and that insurmountable difficulties had been placed in the transit of Portuguese officials between Damaõ and Dadra & Nagar-Aveli.

On 24 April 1954, the Legation of Portugal in New Delhi protested the new restrictive measures on motor traffic between Damaõ and Dadra & Nagar-Aveli. In a separate note of the same date, Dr. Vasco Vieira Garin exposed a new system of permits for all Portuguese officials, not just Europeans, to enter and cross Indian territory.

On 27 April 1954 Dr. Garin called the attention of the Indian Ministry of External Affairs to persistent rumours of invasion of Portuguese villages in Dio. On 6 July 1954 the Legation of Portugal in New Delhi verbally took up with the Indian Ministry of External Affairs the sudden arrest and deportation to Goa of a long-standing Bombay resident, Mr. Pompeia Viegas.

The Aggression

On 22 July 1954 the Portuguese Government of Goa telegraphed Lisboa that On his arrival at the frontier on 22 July 1954 the Governor of Damaõ had been refused permission to proceed to Dadra & Nagar-Aveli on fictitious grounds that separate visas for arrival and departure were required and not on the passport presented; but, having obtained these visas at Vapi, he visited Dadra but on his return to Vapi he was sent back to Dadra for awhile in order that he may not see the movement of Indian troops being deployed, as per intelligence, for the invasion of Dadra, and The Governor was encountering hostile preparations, the outcome of which appeared in the Indian press on 22 July 1954. There had arrived at Vapi a group of about 1200 "volunteers" consisting of ex-Indian military personnel and officials, about a dozen jeeps, and radio and combat equipment. On the same day, namely, 22 July 1954 the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs notified the press that links between Damaõ and Dadra & Nagar-Aveli had been cut, that Dadra had been practically encircled by a Mahratta Infantry unit, that between Dadra and Nagar-Aveli considrable armed forces had been placed, and that the situation there was grave.

The following day the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Lisboa, announced that an aggression had been launched against Dadra and deplored the loss of life of and injuries to the police personnel defending Dadra.

The Portuguese Legation in New Delhi in a note No. 98 dated 24 July 1954 to the Indian Ministry of External Affairs communicated that Dadra had been the object of armed aggression, that as a result of the hindrance of communications between Damaõ and Dadra & Nagar-Aveli the Portuguese Government was not fully aware of the details of what had happened, that a state of violent usurpation did exist which could not in any way impair the sovereignty and the rights of Portugal in connection with the victims of aggression, and that the Indian Union grant transit facilities to the Portuguese armed forces and the authorities staying in Damaõ to enable them to re-establish the order that had been disrupted.

The Ground Reality

Bombay newspapers on the morning of 22 July 1954 reported that the first chunk of Portuguese territory had been "liberated" by the United Front of Goans and displayed a photograph of its president Francisco Mascarenhas, in gumboots as "Supreme Commander" hoisting the Indian flag in front of the Dadra Police Station the previous night.

It transpired that the renegade Francisco Mascarenhas had actually been holed up by Indian military personnel in the waiting room at the Vapi Railway Station until the violent occupation of the Police Station had been accomplished in around 20 minutes, starting at 9.30 p.m. on 21 July 1954 and only then was he transported to the site of the murder of its defenders, the patriots Aniceto do Rosario and Antonio Fernandes in order to moderate public opinion to what the Indian press made it appear — an action purely undertaken by "anti-Portuguese" Goans.

Aniceto Rosario was in charge of the Police Post, Antonio Fernandes and the third man were under him. Another officer, Francisco Xavier Stein de Lira, fled from the rear of the Police Post, leaving the rear door open for the enemy.

According to the brother of Sub-Chefe Aniceto do Rosario, an engine-driver of the Indian Railways, on the morning of 21 July 1954, some men had called at the Dadra Police Post to advice Aniceto do Rosario and his subordinates that they planned to attack at night-fall, and advising him and his men to surrender but Rosario and his men (except one) opted to remain steadfast with the Portuguese Flag even unto death.

In front of the Police Station stands the Flag Post, where the National Flag used to fly. As the mob of terrorists charged the Police Post, one of them attempted to tear down the National Flag; Antonio Fernandes could not stand this desecration but rushed out and shot him down; for his labours, he received the crown of martyrdom at their hands.

Aniceto do Rosario and another, a Muslim, held the Police Station, and with a judicious use of their arms, shot down many of the terrorists. However, they were vastly outnumbered, and one of the terrorists crept in from behind, through the back door left open by Stein de Lira, and stabbed the great martyr in the back, thus bringing him his martyr's crown.

Stein de Lira cooperated with the terrorists, and became a collaborator; the enemies triumphantly flaunted him as the "Regidor of Dadra", and as a means of justifying themselves.

So heavy was the toll inflicted by the heroes upon the terrorists that, according to eye-witnesses, at least two truckloads of their corpses had to be carted away.

For his courage and integrity, Dom Aniceto do Rosario was awarded post-humously the highest award of Portugal: "Order of the Tower and Sword".

The bodies of Aniceto do Rosario and Antonio Fernandes were buried in a field adjacent to the site of their martyrdom. The Indians refused to permit any markers, but a cleric insisted on placing markers on their graves. Later, their remains were repatriated to Damao, where they were re-intered in the Fort.

In the city of Damaõ, the streets near their homes were named after our heroes: Aniceto do Rosario and Antonio Fernandes. The Indians have renamed these streets after some of their fellows, after the Occupation of Damaõ, in December 1961.

Viva Portugal!


Agnelo Gracias, Dabul, Bombay.

Further Notes

In the morning of July 21, 1954 some men visited Aniceto do Rosario at the Dadra police station and told him that 'they' would be coming in the evening and he and his men should surrender but instead he put up a fight. The post was attacked around 9.30 p.m. from across the road and firing continued for around 20 minutes. The rear door of the police station was open and that is where the miscreants entered and killed Aniceto do Rosario and Antonio Fernandes. They were buried in the grounds of the Franciscan monastery in Dadra but somewhere in 1959/60 through the intervention of the Red Cross and after personal application of Aniceto's brother to the government of India the remains were allowed to be taken to Damao.

Till the battle at Dadra was over, Francis Mascarenhas was kept waiting in the Vapi waiting room and then he was driven to Dadra to make it appear that he 'liberated' it as 'supreme commander.'

One Pereira, senior police officer after Falcao, wanted to put up a stand at Canoel but when he found that Fidalgo and Falcao had crossed into Indian territory, he surrendered with his men who were kept in detention at Canoel till November and were then allowed to proceed to Damao. When Fidalgo and Falcao crossed into Indian territory in Nasik District they were brought to Bombay and were at the residence of a Parsi, Mr. Contractor, who harboured them for few days till they got back into Portuguese territory.

For six months the residents of Dadra and Nagar Aveli were not allowed to step out of the areas till a formal permit system was introduced.

VAE VICTIS! FROM THE BOOK NEHRU SEIZES GOA BY Leo Lawrence

By itself, alI that has been detailed in the last chapter would have been sufficient to make the people of Portuguese lndia turno But as if this were not so, lndian Union troops at once set about unleashing a reign of terror all over the country. Ugly-Iooking bearded Sikhs and uglier-Iooking Marathas and Madrassis went about turning the place upside down, looting houses and ransacking churches, despoiling shops of their stocks and generally behaving very much like barbarians of thirteenth century whenever they swooped down from their mountain lairs on the lush fields and rich cities of their more civilized neighbours.

They robbed and devastated where they could and exacted purchases at a ridiculously cheap price where they could not, removing everything to the illegal black-markets maintained by their relations back in the lndian Union, where huge, ungodly profits would now be in the order of the day)', thanks to this loot. ln a matter of days the shops in the towns and villages of Goa presented a sorry sight, many of them taking care thenceforth to remain locked behind hastily improvised notice boards that warned the public that they were closed for stock-taking, and others remaining open but completely empty, as though a cloud of gigantic grasshoppers with human appetites had passed through, leaving this trail of desolation behind.

One might have thought that it was a case of victorious troops running temporarily out of control in a riot of merry-making. Far from it. This was organized, welI-planned plundering of a conquered territory. Every day, after sundown, caravans of huge trucks and lorries left Pangim for Bombay and other points in the lndian Union carrying loads of welI-packed antique fúrniture, luxury goods and priceless porcelain taken from government-owned buildings and establishments. The Governor General's residence, at the Cabo, was shorn of its centuries old colIections of antiques. and the finely carved furniture dating from the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries, which had evoked admiration from many a distinguished foreign connoisseur. The Churches and Convents of Old Goa were also likewise depleted of their artistic wealth. lt was a reenactment of the sack of Delhi during the days of the Mughal Empire by the Afghan invaders under Nadir Shah l

ln Pangim, Vasco-da-Gama, Margão and Mapuça, restaurants, bars and wineshops suddenly began to run dry. lndian Union soldiers removed whiskey, brandy and, in fact, alI kinds of spirituous liquors by the bottle and even by the box. The military command itself airlifted loads of alcoholic drinks by helicopter to Belgaum and to Poona. Stocks were being rushed fast  to replenish the lean bootleg markets at home; for sure, they were determined to enjoy a lush Christmas and New Year season this year, after being for so long fed on tomato juice by Nehru's prohibition-riddled government during the fifteen years of its existence.

There was apprehensive locking of doors and windows alI around as mothers concealed their daughters and husbands sheltered their wives as securely as they could. There was a complete breakdown of law and order as agents of authority joined hands with professional bandits in an orgy of madness and violence. lndian military authorities approached by Goans in search of protection from the law retorted with some gusto and certainly with a lot more conviction, giving a lie to Nehru's statements, that their army had conquered Goa and that therefore the soldiers were entitled to a spree of looting and lustful enjoyment at the expense of Goans as was customary in alI cases where one country is conquered by another with arms.

Vae victis!

The countryside was shorn of alI police posts and the people were left to fend for themselves as welI as they could in the face of. the rising tidal wave of crime in which bandit and soldier vied with one another in the perpetration of evil. lnstances became frequent in which respectable ladies were criminalIy assaulted in daylight by the lndian soldiery, after being deprived of their ornaments and pos-sessions. ln one such incident just outside the Government House at Pangim, a pretty young lady teacher, leaving the Revenue Office after collecting her month's wages was promptly relieved of them by a couple of lndian officers in uniform, at gun point. ln another, which occurred at AIto-de-Porvorim, two respectable Hindu young ladies were going kidnapped from their home when the enraged villagers rushed to their rescue and horse-whipped the lndian soldiers at the risk of their own lives.

ln Pangim, uniformed lndian officers and men paid a daylight visit to the house of a prominent and highly respected citizen, during his absence from home, under the pretence of looking for white Portuguese soldiers, and then asked for whiskey, seeking to put into execution a macabre plan of assaulting his pretty daughter in the presence of her invalid mother, before they could be persuaded to leave by a neighbour who happened to come in. Another pretty young lady teacher was criminally assaulted outside her school building in Saligão, in broad daylight, while a third was waylaid at the Margão railway station, also returning from her school, and left her dead by seven Sikh soldiers by the roadside till she was removed to the local hospital where she cried mercifully to die.

In Canácona, troops with machine guns paid a midnight visit to the local parish Church and threatened the resident priest with death unless he consented to hand over to them the keys of the coffers. An identical incident occurred at the Seminary of the Virgin Mary at Saligão, where the treasurer, a young priest convalescing from recent fracture injuries to his legs, was similarly treated by midnight visitors, who finally escaped taking with them a number of transistor radio receivers, watches and cam eras belonging to seminarians absent on vacation. Not far away in the same village, another respectable citizen, a retired businessman from East Africa, was unceremoniously relieved of a substantial sum of money at gun point and forced to submit himself to indignities because he could not come forth with a bigger sum.

There was indiscriminate shooting down of innocent civilians, and Goan blood ran generously, shed by the hand of these invaders who professed to be their kindred come to liberate them from oppression.  A care free, young primary school teacher, Germano de Sousa, father of three infants, was mown down by lndian rifle fire at Calangute  while returning home from church service, merely because he did not understand what the soldiers asked hill) in Hindi. On a similar pre-text a young lad of twelve was riddled with bullets at Cansaulim, while returning home from a shopping errand on which his mother had sent, him. Trigger-happy Indian Union troops appeared to be just on a hunting spree. Yet their victims were, according to Jawaharlal Nehru "just a few inevitable casualties necessary in a great war of liberation.

“Characteristically, not a word was permitted to appear concerning these and other similar occurrences in the press. Of course, the world must not on any account come to know of them. But truth will always come out into the open. The editor of The Free Press Journal of Bombay, T. S. George, commenting on this aspect of the situation in Goa, in February 1962, made veiled references to "other instances of violence and rowdyism" on the part of the lndian Union troops that had gone to liberate the people of Goa.

On January 16, at the seashore resort of Bogmaló, near the town of Vasco-da-Gama, vengeful Sikh soldiers, glutted with wine and overindulged lust, threw a hand grenade in the dead of night into the house of a restaurant keeper with whom they had previously had a petty dispute over the cost of a packet of cigarettes, killing his daugh-ter and severely injuring his wife, and provoking widespread resent-ment against Nehru and his liberators. That evening, over five thousand black-clothed Goans coming from all points of the country attended the funeral service of the ill-fated Luisa Rodrigues, to mark their protest, forcing a reluctant expression of regret from the military governor for this "regrettable incident"; but the bandit soldiers who, by the code of any other civilized country would have had to submit themselves to trial and punishment by court-martial, were permitted to escape into the Indian Union and eventually to join their families, as returning heroes. Once more, the lndian press and the All lndia Radio-infamous information agencies of a democratic country that prides itself on freedom of expression and on so-called free dissemina-tion of information-remained strangely silent.

ln Goa, a brief press note was issued from Government House, in view of the gravity of the situation provoked by the occurrence, and in Bombay only The  Free Press Journal referred to it in passing. Strange that only a month before, the entire press of the Indian Union-some hundreds of news-papers, published in English and in the vernacular languages-and the All lndia Radio were so vociferous about the fancied atrocities of the Portuguese authorities, whereas now they were struck dumb. Even the usually fearless and independent editor of The Current weekly of Bombay, D. F. Karaka, could persuade himself to refer to the tragic incident of Bogmalo, only on February 3, and that also as part of his anti-Menon election propaganda!

But the vanquished must be grateful for being permitted to breathe and stay alive.  ln the religious sector, the more orthodox among the lndian Union Hindus, especially those hailing from the surrounding regions of Maharashtra bordering on Goa, have long been nursing hostile sentiments towards the Roman Catholics inside Goa. By a strange and warped process of reasoning they have always held the Goans respon-sible and answerable for fancied wrongs which were aIlegedly' inflicted during the sixteenth century by the Holy Inquisition on the Hindus  of Goa.

These feelings now found expression in aêts of disrespect to the Roman Catholic hierarchy and to the Catholic cult in general. At the Cortalim ferry-boat crosisng, anti-Catholic Hindus joined communist elements in an attempt to lay violent hands on the Patriarch, Archbishop of Goa, Dom José de Vieira Alvernaz, and smashed to bits the photographic camera of a Brazilian journalist who dared to intervene in defence of the aged and unprotected prelate. Many churches and shrines were broken open and several cases of desecration were registered. ln Pangim, Hindu mobs escorted by lndian Union troops, carrying arms, raided the Hall of Christ the King, a religious and recreation center reserved for the use of the army, and tore up and cast to the winds priestly vestments, missaIs, crucifixes and other devotional objects, to the horror of the local Catholic population. A similar and still more revolting performance was witnessed at the ChapeI of St. Francis Xavier, near the Police barracks at Altinho, a few hundred kilometers away.

Religious statues and other sacred objects removed by sacrilegious hands from the church altars and homes of fleeing Goans were later discovered in the most unseemly places, like city gutters, dustbins and open garbage dumps, after being despoiled of their gold and silver trimmings. That alI these demonstrations of anti-religious hooliganism were not isolated outrages perpetrated by an undisciplined mob, but were part of a vicious anti-Catholic communal campaign that carried with it the patronage of the lndian Union authorities, is evident from the following information published amid protestations of horror in the Pangim daily Reraldo in its edition of February 9.

n the principal Church of our city may be seen exposed an image of Our Lord Jesus Christ, which it is presumed represents him carrying an olive branch in his hands.  The independent Heraldo was subjected to a long series of persecutions in which lawless elements in the pay of the lndian Union authorities joined the lndian police in Goa to make its publication impossible with dignity and honour. lts editor, Alvaro Santa Rita Vaz, was compelled to suspend its publication on April 15, 1962, and subsequently to seek refuge in Lisbon, from where he vowed to carry on his fight for truth.

The fact is that politicaI activities in any form inside' Goa are today strictly under the control of Nehru's Police Department, of which an experienced senior official, Mr. Handoo, is attached to the Government of Goa which has passed into the civilian phase since June 1962. The change from the military to civilian rule is hardly more than in name, intended to fool the outside world. In reality it is this Handoo gentleman who runs the government of spoliation and exploitation in Goa. Besides him, there are present in Goa, Damão and Diu, 6,000 uniformed police drafted from the lndian Union, 5,000 plain-clothes police, not to mention the thousands besides who have been locally recruited to serve as agents and informers. Every government office is full of such individuals who find themselves compelled by hunger and necessity to sell their souls for a mess of daily pottage, and it is estimated that for every ten employees there is a police agent in attendance. Now at last the Goan people have come to know what exactly is meant by the expression Police State.

Even those enthusiasts among Goans, who but yesterday had been chafing in impatience at some of the healthy curbs calculated to stern any tendency to the abuse of freedom in expression, now feel bitterly disappointed, awakened to the truth that the lndian brand of democracy is not exactly the same as that preached and practiced in England, and that it has more in common with the people's democracies set up in communist countries towards which Nehru and his acolytes have long been steering their country.

The lndian Union press and radio, where thought is cleverly con-trolled by brainwashing and a subterfuge censorship, are presently engaged in a gigantic campaign intended to make the world outside believe that all is well inside Goa under the occupation of the lndian Union, and that Goans have no complaints to make. Facts, however, go to prove otherwise, even though today Goa is sealed more or less water-tight by means of traveI restrictions imposed by lndian authorities. The country is like a cauldron seething in discontent, boiling up in resentment and hate. Disillusionment and discontent are snowballs.

This image was discovered on one of the roads, thrown into the garbage, near a house from which the inmates have fled to Lisbon....  The image was found with the Indian tricolour in its hands, and with a legend Jai Hind.  ln the villages, Indian troops made it a point to pay nightly visits, in groups, on the Catholic Churches, ostensibly "for the purpose of looking for concealed white Portuguese soldiers, and then to threaten the priests with reprisals in case they refused to accede to their demands and hand over all the cash and valuables belonging to the congregation. For this reason, during the Christmas that followed the conquest, few parish priests dared to hold the time-honoured midnight services in Goan churches.

And yet, this was just the beginning. lndian democracy has yet to show its secularism in full working for the people of Portuguese lndia to be able to appreciate it. ] ust now, for instance, they were assured that they had all the freedoms. The press was freed from what they thought was an obnoxious form of censorship. But it was subjected to something far more stringent and odious, regular sessions of brainwashing. Every morning, the editors of Goan newspapers were summoned to a compulsory "briefing" by the official Press Adviser to the new Government, and harangued broadly on what were according to that personage the right principles of modern journalism, and told what to print in their next edition and what to omit from its pages discreetly. ln short there was unlimited freedom to write and rave about everything except the truth.

One newspaper, A Luta, which camee out with its first issue jubilantly on the day of Goa's liberation, as though its youthful editor wished to celebrate the event in a signal fashion, had to suspend its publication after only three or four issues had been published, because contrary to official advice he dared to criticize the new administration for dismissing half a dozen Goan medical officers attached during Portuguese days to the local military hospital, including the editor of A Luta himself. The "Price of Freedom" was the title of the article in which that editor had criticized the new administration imposed by the conquerors on Goa, and he found it to his cost that the price of freedom for Goans was indeed very heavy. .

Other Goan newspapers were bludgeoned into a veritable "bed of Procrustes" and trimmed to size by the Indian Union satraps in Goa.

Being the latent resistance moves. ln the months that followed the occupation, clandestine meetings under cover of night and demonstrations and incidents expressive of anti-lndian feelings became frequente The green and red Portuguese flag, symbol of the resistance, is hoisted at night on public buildings in widely separated towns and villages, in the place of the lndian Union tricolour which is often dishonoured publicly. The police forces, are as a role reluctant to venture far into the countryside after sunset, knowing the temper of the Goans; but they swoop down in large numbers in the early morning in order to arrest the suspects and reassert the wrongfully usurped sovereignty of the country, and very frequently the village priest, the sacristan, the primary school teacher or the village postmaster find their way to the jail.

A significant commentary on the state of affairs under lndian Union administration was offered by the fact that hardly two months after the occupation, on January 26, 1962, the military governor found occasion to declare a general amnesty, in celebration of lndian Union's Republic Day, to benefit all Goans detained as politicaI offenders after December 18, 1961, and such other persons as had legal processes served on them in connection with politicaI offences. Subsequent to that date, more serious anti-lndian incidents have taken place inside Goa and even the lndian press could not ignore them. ln June 1962 a bomb exploded in the administrative offices at Vasco-da-Gama just before the military governor was scheduled to appear for a meeting with the local people's representatives who had arranged a reception for him. Soon after, when the civilian governor took over from him, at least four other bombs were discovered providentially before they could explode inside the Government Rouse at Pangim.  Goans can scarcely be said to be contented or happy with the lndian Union take over of their country. The fact that the Brazilian Embassy in New Delhi, watching over the interests of Portugal in the lndian Union, issued not less than 5,000 Portuguese passports to Goans intending to abandon their ancestral homes because of lndian harassment within a month of the occupation, is a far more eloquent commentary on the state of affairs in the Portuguese province now under lndian Union occupation, than all that is being printed in the lndian Union newspapers or broadcast over the AII  India Radio.

Since then the Brazilian Embassy has been handling many more thousands of applications from Goans desirous of leaving Goa for Portugal and the Portuguese provinces overseas. What is now taking place inside Goa and inside the rest of the Portuguese State of lndia goes to prove the truth oI the prophetic words in which Prime Minister Dr. Salazar summed up his address to the National Assembly in Lisbon on January 3, 1962: We cannot Iorecast what wiIl be the procedure of the lndian Union as regards this and many other questions which wilI arise from the de facto occupation of these Portuguese territories. It is quite likely that at first the occupying authorities’ will adopt a policy of allurement and ingratiation.

Difficulties wilI arise for both sides when the programme of lndianization of Goa begins to clash with the Goans' culture and when the Prime Minister dis-covers that a definite individuality has been formed there down the centuries by the interpenetration of cultures and by the crossing of various races I believe that violence will be exerted in direct proportion to the difficulties which make themselves felt and that if the reintegration of Goa is not effected soon, spoliation and forced equality in poverty will be followed by a loss of liberty which will place the Goans at a disadvantage as to their language, their religion and their culture.  It is therefore to be expected that many will wish to escape the inevitable consequences of the invasion, and shall be made welcome at any point within national territory. Only, the prediction carne too true without any intervening period of "allurement and ingratiation” of the Goans by their new and arrogant rulers.